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Appendix: Survey sources for the TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
| Number |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| Source |
Political & Economic Risk Consultancy |
| Name |
Asian Intelligence Issue |
| Year |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Who was surveyed? |
Expatriate business executives |
| Subject asked |
Extent of corruption in a way that detracts from the business environment for foreign companies |
How do you rate corruption in terms of its quality or contribution to the overall living/working environment? |
| Number of replies |
40-50 per country |
1,027> |
ca. 1,000 |
| Coverage |
12 Asian countries |
14 countries |
|
|
| Number |
4 |
5 |
6 |
| Source |
Institute for Management Development, IMD, Switzerland |
| Name |
World Competitiveness Yearbook |
| Year |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Who was surveyed? |
Executives in top and middle management; domestic and international companies |
| Subject asked |
Whether bribing and corruption exist in the public sphere |
| Number of replies |
4,314 |
4,160 |
3,678 |
| Coverage |
47 countries |
49 countries |
|
|
| Number |
7 |
8 |
| Source |
World Bank |
Pricewaterhouse Coopers |
| Name |
World Business Environment Survey |
Opacity Index |
| Year |
2001 |
2001 |
| Who was surveyed? |
Senior managers |
CFOs, equity analysts, bankers and PwC staff |
| Subject asked |
"Frequency of bribing" and "corruption as a constraint to business" |
Frequency of corruption in various contexts (e.g. obtaining import/export permits or subsidies, avoiding taxes) |
| Number of replies |
10,090 |
1,357 |
| Coverage |
79 countries |
34 countries |
|
|
| Number |
9 |
10 |
11 |
| Source |
Economist Intelligence Unit |
Freedom House |
World Economic Forum |
| Name |
Country Risk Service and Country Forecast |
Nations in Transit |
Africa Competitiveness Report |
| Year |
2001 |
2001 |
2000 |
| Who was surveyed? |
Expert staff assessment (expatriate) |
Assessment by US academic experts and FH staff |
Senior business leaders; domestic and international companies |
| Subject asked |
Assessment of the pervasiveness of corruption among politicians and civil servants |
Levels of corruption |
How problematic is corruption? Are irregular, additional payments required? In large amounts? |
| Number of replies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
1,800 |
| Coverage |
115 countries |
27 transition economies |
26 countries |
|
|
| Number |
12 |
13 |
14 |
| Source |
World Economic Forum |
| Name |
Global Competitiveness Report |
| Year |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Who was surveyed? |
Senior business leaders; domestic and international companies |
| Subject asked |
Irregular extra payments connected with import and export permits, public utilities and contracts, business licenses, tax payments or loan applications are common/not common. |
Questions (in addition to those mentioned left) refer to payments connected to favorable regulations and judicial decisions |
| Number of replies |
3,934 |
4,022 |
ca. 4,600 |
| Coverage |
59 countries |
76 countries |
|
