Survey sources for the TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2003

Number	1	2	3
Source	World Economic Forum
Name	Global Competitiveness Report
Year	2001	2002	2003
Who was surveyed?	Senior business leaders; domestic and international companies
Subject asked	Undocumented extra pay­ments connected with im­port and export permits, public utilities and con­tracts, busi­ness licenses, tax payments or loan appli­cations are common/not common.	In addition to questions mentioned on the left: payments connected to favorable regulations and judicial decisions
Number of replies	4,022	ca. 4,600	7,741
Coverage	59 countries	76 countries	102 countries
Number	4	5	6
Source	Institute for Management Development, IMD, Switzerland
Name	World Competitiveness Yearbook
Year	2001	2002	2003
Who was surveyed?	Executives in top and middle management; domestic and international companies
Subject asked	Bribing and corruption exist in the public sphere	Bribing and corruption exist in the economy
Number of replies	3,678	3,532	> 4,000
Coverage	49 countries		51 countries

Number	7	8
Source	Information International	World Bank
Name	Survey of Middle Eastern Businesspeople	World Business Environment Survey
Year	2003	2001
Who was surveyed?	Senior businesspeople from Bahrain, Lebanon and UAE	Senior managers
Subject asked	How common are bribes, how costly are they for doing business and how frequently are public contracts awarded to friends and relatives in neighboring countries	"Frequency of bribing" and "corruption as a constraint to business"
Number of replies	382 assessments from 165 respondents	10,090
Coverage	31 countries	79 countries1
1The survey was carried out in 81 countries, but data for two countries was insufficient.

Number	9	10	11
Source	Economist Intelligence Unit	Freedom House	World Markets Research Centre
Name	Country Risk Service and Country Forecast	Nations in Transit	Risk Ratings
Year	2003	2003	2002
Who was surveyed?	Expert staff assessment (expatriate)	Assessment by US academic experts and FH staff	Assessment by staff
Subject asked	Assessment of the pervasiveness of corruption (the misuse of public office for private or political party gain) among public officials (politicians and civil servants)	Perception of corruption in the civil service, the business interests of top policy makers, laws on financial disclosure and conflict of interest, and anticorruption initiatives.	Red tape and the likelihood of encountering corrupt officials. This includes small-scale bribes, larger-scale kickbacks and corporate fraud.
Number of replies	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Coverage	139 countries	27 transition economies	186 countries
Number	12	13	14
Source	Columbia University (CU)	Political & Economic Risk Consultancy	PricewaterhouseCoopers
Name	State Capacity Survey	Asian Intelligence Issue	Opacity Index
Year	2002	2001	2001
Who was surveyed?	US-resident country experts (policy analysts, academics and journalists)	Expatriate business executives	CFOs, equity analysts, bankers and PwC staff
Subject asked	Severity of corruption within the state	How do you rate corruption in terms of its quality or contribution to the overall living/working environment?	Frequency of corruption in various contexts (e.g. obtaining import/export permits or subsidies, avoiding taxes)
Number of replies	224	ca. 1,000	1,357
Coverage	95 countries	14 countries	34 countries
Number	15	16	17
Source	A Multilateral Development Bank	Gallup International on behalf of Transparency International	World Bank and the EBRD
Name	Survey	Corruption Survey	Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey
Year	2002	2002	2002
Who was surveyed?	Experts within the bank were identified and multiple questionnaires (each relating to a different country) were sent out to them. Roughly 40% of the questionnaires were returned.	Senior businesspeople from 15 emerging market economies	Senior businesspeople
Subject asked	How widespread is the incidence of corruption? (Widespread; Somewhat widespread; Somewhat limited; Limited; No judgment)	"How common are bribes to politicians, senior civil servants, and judges" and "how significant of an obstacle are the costs associated with such payments for doing business?"	Frequency of irregular "additional payments"; how is corruption for the operation and growth of your business?
Number of replies	398	835	6500
Coverage	47 countries	21 countries	25 transition countries