Survey sources for the TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2004

Number	1	2	3
Source	World Bank and the EBRD	Columbia University, The Center for International Earth Science Information Network	Economist Intelligence Unit
Abbreviation	BEEPS	CU	EIU
Name	Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey	State Capacity Survey	Country Risk Service and Country Forecast
Year	2002	2003	2004
Who was surveyed?	Senior business people	US-resident country experts (policy analysts, academics and journalists)	Expert staff assessment
Subject asked	Frequency of irregular additional payments; how problematic is corruption for business?	Severity of corruption within the state	The misuse of public office for private (or political party) gain
Number of replies	6,500	224	Not applicable
Coverage	25 countries	95 countries	142 countries

Number	4	5
Source	Freedom House	Information International
Abbreviation	FH	II
Name	Nations in Transit	Survey of Middle Eastern Business People
Year	2004	2003
Who was surveyed?	Assessment by US, regional, and in-country experts	Senior businesspeople from Bahrain, Lebanon and UAE
Subject asked	Extent of corruption as practiced in governments, as perceived by the public and as reported in the media as well as the implementation of anticorruption initiatives.	How common are bribes, how costly are they for doing business and how frequently are public contracts awarded to friends and relatives in neighboring countries
Number of replies	Not applicable	382 assessments from 165 respondents
Coverage	28 countries/territories	31 countries

Number	6	7	8
Source	Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland
Abbreviation	IMD
Name	World Competitiveness Yearbook
Year	2002	2003	2004
Who was surveyed?	Executives in top and middle management; domestic and international companies
Subject asked	Bribing and corruption exist in the economy
Number of replies	3,532	> 4,000	4166
Coverage	49 countries	51 countries

Number	9	10
Source	A Multilateral Development Bank	Merchant International Group
Abbreviation	MDB	MIG
Name	Survey	Grey Area Dynamics
Year	2002	2004
Who was surveyed?	Experts within the bank were identified and multiple questionnaires (each relating to a different country) were sent out to them. Roughly 40% of the questionnaires were returned.	Expert staff and network of local correspondents
Subject asked	How widespread is the incidence of corruption? (Widespread; Somewhat widespread; Somewhat limited; Limited; No judgment)	Corruption, ranging from bribery of government ministers to inducements payable to the "humblest clerk".
Number of replies	398	Not applicable
Coverage	47 countries	155 countries

Number	11	12	13
Source	Political & Economic Risk Consultancy
Abbreviation	PERC
Name	Asian Intelligence Newsletter
Year	2002	2003	2004
Who was surveyed?	Expatriate business executives
Subject asked	How bad do you consider the problem of corruption to be in the country in which you are working as well as in your home country?
Number of replies	More than 1000	More than 1000	More than 1000
Coverage	14 countries

Number	14	15
Source	Gallup International on behalf of Transparency International	World Markets Research Center
Abbreviation	TI/GI	WMRC
Name	Corruption Survey	Risk Ratings
Year	2002	2004
Who was surveyed?	Senior businesspeople from 15 emerging market economies	Expert staff assessment
Subject asked	How common are bribes to politicians, senior civil servants, and judges and how significant of an obstacle are the costs associated with such payments for doing business?	The likelihood of encountering corrupt officials, ranging from petty bureaucratic corruption to grand political corruption.
Number of replies	835	Not applicable
Coverage	21 countries	186 countries